A heat pump is typically used to assist with heating and cooling systems both in the home and in commercial buildings. The device is designed to emanate cold or hot air when needed. A common example of this type of device is a refrigerator. In a refrigerator, a special working fluid is placed around the refrigeration circuit in order to operate the heat pump. The refrigeration circuit contains four elements: the condenser, evaporator, compressor, and expansion valve.

As heat is drawn away from the source, the working fluid evaporates with the help of the evaporator. Heat is then released, resulting in the area being cooled down. As the heat is released to cool the air, the working fluid is condensed by the condenser. As this occurs, a reversing valve creates cool air and the direction of the working fluid is reversed in order to start the process over again. Just like with a refrigerator, a heat pump removes the heat from the source in order to keep a specific area cool.

Heat pumps are generally used in locations where heating or cooling is needed, but where the current heat or cooling source is inadequate. Therefore,they are often used with space heating and cooling systems, with domestic and industrial dehumidification, and in the heating of domestic water. In standard heating applications, a heat pump separates the heat from various sources such as water, air, soil, and bedrock. In cooling applications, on the other hand, heat is discharged rather than separated. This device is the preferred choice in industrial and domestic settings where heating and cooling are needed because it uses less energy than electricity and other methods.

There are several different heat pump types available, each with its own specific benefits. One of the most popular forms is the ground source heat pump. This does not have an external fan. Therefore, it is very quiet. In addition, it carries a lower risk of damage than models with external fans. It generally also has a life span of over forty years.